Artificial Intelligence Methods Significantly Enhance Research in Radio Astronomy
Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are not magic wands that make discoveries on their own. They build on existing knowledge and cannot independently comprehend entirely new scientific findings. However, as diligent assistants, they can significantly ease researchers’ day-to-day work by processing data, writing code, preparing repetitive data-processing workflows, rapidly summarising large volumes of information on scientific topics, and helping researchers understand how existing software works.
Unlike conventional interactions with a chatbot, an AI agent can also take action: it selects tools autonomously, executes code, and carries out multi-step tasks systematically. Nevertheless, it must operate under careful researcher supervision. The large language models underlying these systems are fundamentally designed to predict the next word, rather than to guarantee factual accuracy. Every result must therefore be verified. Verification can also be delegated to another instance of an AI agent, although this does not necessarily save time or effort.
To make these capabilities accessible and understandable to a wider audience, the Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre (VIRAC) launched a series of seminars on the use of AI agents in science in autumn 2026. Particular emphasis is placed on astrophysics and radio astronomy, including radio interferometric observations conducted using the JIV and LOFAR networks. The first seminar introduced participants to the world of AI and large language models (LLMs), which are familiar to the public through chat interfaces, search engines, and programming environments.
At the second seminar, held on 15 October, VIRAC Research Assistant Jānis Šteinbergs shared his experience and practical examples from his work in computer science and astrophysics.
This information has been prepared within the framework of the project “Ventspils University of Applied Sciences` International Cooperation and Innovation for the Development of Latvia’s Smart Specialisation” (Project No. 1.1.1.5/3/25/I/012).
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