Radio Astronomy driving new competences and innovation on the European scale

July 16, 2019

LOFAR (Low Frequency Array) is the world’s largest and most sensitive low frequency radio telescope. It was designed, built, and is now operated by ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy. LOFAR’s reach now spans Europe – from Ireland to Poland, with the newest LOFAR antenna station being delivered to Ventspils University of Applied Sciences in Latvia.


It might be surprising that a niche discipline such as Radio Astronomy is a driver for new competences and innovation on the European scale. Moreover, this discipline sets a template for future fundamental science to help structure ‘perfecting the European endeavour’ as Dutch Prime Minister Rutte put it so eloquently in June 2018.


Here we propose that LOFAR is a prime example of how state-of-the-art facilities leads to the sharing and building of competencies: it is one of today’s major success stories of research infrastructures on a European scale.


ASTRON is a world-leading institute in the development, exploitation, and scientific use of radio telescopes. Building world-leading radio telescope instrumentation is rarely a task that one institute or even one country can achieve. It requires collaboration, enduring relationships and knowledge exchange: moreover, as it is fundamental science with expensive facilities, it must deliver benefits for all parties involved.



The International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) is a foundation under Dutch law. The members of the ILT are the eight institutes and countries who currently own LOFAR stations. The mission of the ILT is to exploit the LOFAR telescope under common policies to maximise its science output. Access to LOFAR observing is open to all scientists from around the world following a competitive peer-reviewed process termed ‘open skies’ in the astronomy discipline.

 

Largest radio telescope

LOFAR, now connecting fifty-two antenna stations in eight European countries to powerful computers in Groningen, the Netherlands, forms the largest radio telescope and operates at the lowest radio frequencies that can be observed from Earth. Unlike classical dish telescopes, LOFAR is a multipurpose sensor network, with an innovative computer and network infrastructure that can handle extremely large data volumes. Its long-term archive currently contains over 40 petabytes of astronomical data.

The core of LOFAR consists of a network of twenty-four stations concentrated in a three kilometre area the north-east of the Netherlands; there are a further fourteen stations also in the Netherlands. The network has grown over the years, making LOFAR a truly pan-European research infrastructure with six stations in Germany, three in Poland, and one each in France, Ireland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the next one being delivered to Latvia in summer 2019. The greatest distance between stations is termed the ‘baseline’ and now approaches 2000 km. This baseline sets the resolution, or detailed zoom-in ability, of the LOFAR telescope. The total number of stations determines its sensitivity to the weakest radio emission from the sky. All this is done in the highly-populated European continent: it is a testament to the brains behind the continuously-improving signal processing algorithms that this is achievable.

Last week, the equipment for the new station was shipped to Latvia, which will enhance the resolution, sensitivity, and fidelity of LOFAR.

 

Twinning

Being part of the LOFAR family brings multiple benefits to the research community in the member countries. A recently completed H2020 project, BALTICS (Building on Advanced LOFAR Technology for Innovation, Collaboration, and Sustainability), ran between January 2016 and December 2018. The partners – VIRAC (Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Center), ASTRON, and UMAN (University of Manchester) – strengthened the expertise and experience of VIRAC radio astronomers and technology and instrumentation engineers. The project encompassed development and training in instrumentation and data analysis, accompanied by dissemination and scientific publications.

BALTICS was a great stepping stone on the way to financing, realisation, and future exploitation of the LOFAR station under construction in Latvia. VIRAC views the LOFAR station as the natural extension of their Irbene Observatory. It will further anchor the role of VIRAC as a top-level science and technology expertise centre in the northeast of Europe.

 

Networking

BALTICS was specifically designed to cement the networking collaborations between ASTRON, UMAN, and VIRAC. This will facilitate subsequent participation in future joint endeavours, including top-notch instrumental and astronomical research and development projects, e.g. regarding the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), often on the interface between academia and industry, in high-impact regional, national and European research areas.

The project successfully concluded its activities with a scientific conference organised in Jurmala, Latvia on 5 December 2018. Attendees from Latvia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, as well as Bulgaria, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine, shared and discussed the knowledge and experience gained during the project.

The conference was followed by a Workshop at the Irbene Observatory of VIRAC on 6 December 2018, with the goal of promoting the opportunities that the participation of VIRAC in LOFAR and the EVN (European VLBI Network) will bring to the new user community, and to intensify links with partner scientific and technological institutes in the wider European region. The workshop covered topics from the basics of ILT science operations, organization and future upgrade, to science research topics from potential users.

 

Next steps

In the closing report to the European Commission, VIRAC expressed its pleasure and gratitude with the results they derived from the BALTICS project. The ASTRON participants were delighted to be able to contribute to increasing their capabilities, and were impressed by the work of all contributors in their research in Low Frequency Radio astronomy and the related technical facilities. All participants in the closing meeting of BALTICS were excited to see the ground preparations for the LOFAR station. The ILT looks forward to welcoming the Latvian consortium as a full member.

The ILT is now engaged in a major technological upgrade, again led by ASTRON, that will position the facility as a cutting-edge research infrastructure throughout the 2020’s, and for technological pathfinding aimed at the decade beyond. Meanwhile, the ILT aims to welcome new partner countries and institutes to further enhance the facility, as well as to strengthen its support base and user community.

By Dr. René Vermeulen, Director of the International LOFAR Telescope, and Prof. Carole Jackson, Scientific and General Director of ASTRON

Source: EuroScientist



Share on other platforms

Other news

Project researchers, doctoral students, are gaining experience at the University of Le Mans in France as part of the Erasmus+ program

By Rota Žagare • May 5, 2026
Doctoral students Zane Zonberga in collaboration with Monta Anšica on the project “Elaboration of evidence-based solutions for effective professional competence development of adults and assessment of the transfer of its results into practice in Latvia” (Project No. VPP-IZM-Izglītība-2023/4-0001) and my colleague Rimants Jeļinskis from the EPF joint doctoral program “Economics and Business”, participated in a five-day doctoral workshop at the University of Le Mans in France Participation in the Erasmus+ mobility program was specifically aimed at strengthening the framework of the project and the empirical research for my dissertation, as well as gaining an international perspective to evaluate and ensure that the developed solution is applicable not only in the Latvian context, but also on an international scale. The doctoral workshop at the University of Le Mans was a very valuable and, at the same time, quite intensive experience for me. University representatives had put together a well-thought-out program that combined an introduction to the academic environment, practical sessions, and opportunities to meet other doctoral students. On the very first day, students got to know each other, met with mentors, and toured the university, as well as observed the academic process in other programs. Over the following days, students participated in sessions on research methods and the use of academic resources, visited laboratories, and listened to presentations by other doctoral students, which provided a valuable insight into various research areas. They also had the opportunity to learn more about future career opportunities after completing our doctoral studies. Students especially enjoyed working in groups with people from other countries. In almost every activity, students were divided into different groups, which forced us to step outside our comfort zone and quickly find common ground with new researchers. On the fourth day, the workshops took place at an art museum, where we worked in teams to find solutions to future challenges and prepared pitch presentations. It was both challenging and interesting, as it required not only new ideas, but also the ability to present them clearly and convincingly. During this time, students also got to know many colleagues with whom they might collaborate on joint projects or work together in the future. This experience provided an opportunity to gain new knowledge that can be applied in the future both in the project’s research and in the development of the doctoral thesis.

Latvia Strengthens Its Role in European Radio Astronomy through LOFAR ERIC Meeting

By Rota Žagare • April 29, 2026
At Irbene and Riga, 20–21 April 2026, a significant international scientific and academic event - the strategic seminar “Latvia’s National Partnership within LOFAR ERIC”- was held in Latvia, bringing together leading European radio astronomers, national policymakers, and academic institutions to strengthen Latvia’s long-term involvement in the LOFAR ERIC (Low Frequency Array – European Research Infrastructure Consortium) network. The meeting marked an important step in building a coordinated Latvian LOFAR community, bringing together Ventspils University of Applied Sciences, Riga Technical University, the University of Latvia, alongside other Latvian universities, and supporting stronger collaboration in radio astronomy, data science, and related technologies. Keynote presentations were delivered by Prof. Peter T. Gallagher (Ireland), Chair of the LOFAR-ERIC Council, and Prof. Michiel van Haarlem (Netherlands), Executive Director of LOFAR-ERIC. They were joined by directors of international LOFAR stations and leading experts from Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, Bulgaria, and Poland, as well as representatives from Latvia’s Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Economics, and universities. Discussions focused on Latvia’s future participation in LOFAR-ERIC, highlighting its strategic location, research capabilities, and growing role in European research infrastructures. A central outcome is a shared commitment to fostering a national LOFAR consortium and strengthening Latvia’s integration into European research programmes. The event brought together researchers, early-career scientists, and students, underlining Latvia’s growing appeal in astrophysics and space research, as well as LOFAR’s broad scientific impact across signal processing, big data analytics, and machine learning. On 20 April, participants visited the Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre (VIRAC) in Irbene, where they toured the RT-32 radio telescope and the LOFAR Irbene station (LV614), gaining insight into Latvia’s radio astronomy infrastructure and recent technological upgrades. The meeting confirmed strong momentum toward establishing a cohesive national LOFAR ecosystem in Latvia, supported by close cooperation between universities, government institutions, and international LOFAR-ERIC leadership. The event was organised as part of the project “International Cooperation and Innovation of Ventspils University of Applied Sciences for the Development of Latvia’s Smart Specialisation” (Project No. 1.1.1.5/3/25/I/012).

Culture Days 2026 "Between Respect and Mistake"

By Rota Žagare • April 29, 2026
We are excited to invite you to the annual VUAS Culture Days 2026 – an interactive event organised by 1st year Intercultural Communication students. This years' topic: Cultural Minefield: Step Carefully Explore the unspoken rules of culture and test your instincts in real-life situations. During the event, you will: Take part in interactive quizzes Engage with real-life cultural scenarios Gain practical cultural insights You will also hear from representatives from Croatia, Ukraine, Germany, India, Turkey, Latvia and Ghana, who will share cultural taboos, etiquette rules, and common “tourist mistakes”. Bonus for the on-site participants: “The Flavor of My Culture” table. Participants are warmly invited to bring a homemade dish or drink that represents their culture and share it with others. When? May 6 At what time? 16:00 (EEST) (3:00 PM CET) Where? Room D0 and online – https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89909358229 This event is designed to be practical, engaging, and memorable – whether you are preparing for international experiences or simply curious about cultural differences. In order to participate, please register here: https://forms.gle/pR9QvZirzf3nwne97

Nordic-Baltic Diplomats Inspire VUAS Students

By Rota Žagare • April 29, 2026
On April 24, Ventspils University of Applied Sciences welcomed Deputy Head of Mission from Embassies of Denmark (Alexander Lemche), Lithuania (Vilius Arlauskas), and 1 st Secretary at the Swedish Embassy Hugo Qvinth for a guest lecture that brought global perspectives directly into the auditorium. The diplomatic representatives engaged with students in an open discussion on diplomacy, international cooperation, and the realities of representing one’s country on the global stage. The visit highlighted the strength of the Nordic-Baltic partnership, often referred to as the NB8, which is an informal yet highly integrated cooperation network of eight countries united by shared democratic values and a commitment to collaboration. As emphasized during the lecture, this alliance of 33 million people demonstrates how countries can achieve more together than alone, becoming not only stronger internally but also more influential internationally. Students were introduced to the idea that diplomacy is not just about politics, but about people, communication, and responsibility. The diplomats spoke openly about their career paths, stressing that there is no single “correct” background for entering diplomacy. Instead, curiosity, initiative, and a willingness to step outside one’s comfort zone are the key factors. A recurring theme throughout the session was courage. Students were encouraged to ask questions, seek international experiences, and remain open to change. “Everything comes from curiosity,” Vilius Arlauskas noted, highlighting the importance of exploration both professionally and personally. The discussion also addressed the realities behind the diplomat's profession. Diplomacy requires adaptability, resilience, and the ability to navigate complex global challenges. From balancing personal life with a demanding international career to representing national interests with precision and responsibility, the speakers provided an honest insight into both the rewards and challenges of the field. Beyond career advice, the guest seminar emphasized the power of communication. Understanding one’s audience, preparing strong arguments, and delivering clear and precise messages were highlighted as essential skills not only for diplomats, but for anyone working in an international environment. As Hugo Qvinth emphasized, “for a diplomat, the most important thing is to know many languages”, highlighting how language serves as a bridge between cultures and people. The event concluded with an interactive Q&A session, where students had the opportunity to engage directly with the diplomats, ask questions, and gain personal insights. The atmosphere remained open, encouraging, and genuinely inspiring which left many students motivated to explore international careers and opportunities.  This visit served as a powerful reminder that diplomacy is not distant or abstract – it is built on human connection, curiosity, and the courage to step into the unknown. Written by: Elizabete Apiņa-Fleisa (BSP “Intercultural Communication”, 1st year)

Liene Rozenberga represents Latvia and the COLOURS alliance at the European Student Assembly in Strasbourg

By Rota Žagare • April 28, 2026
Last week, the European Student Assembly 2026 (ESA26) took place at the European Parliament in Strasbourg – one of the most significant student participation events in European higher education. It brought together students from across Europe to jointly develop recommendations for the future development of Europe. At the assembly, Ventspils University of Applied Sciences (VeA) and the COLOURS European University Alliance were represented by student Liene Rozenberga. In total, 2,889 applications were submitted to participate in ESA26, but only 250 students were selected, representing 54 university alliances, 195 universities, 34 countries, and 54 different nationalities. Among them was Liene Rozenberga, a student in the “Business Administration” bachelor’s program at VUAS. She represented the COLOURS alliance and worked in the subgroup “Democracy and Civic Engagement.” This panel focused on how to strengthen citizen participation in democratic processes within the European Union (EU) and promote clearer, more accessible language in EU-issued regulations. “Participating in the European Student Assembly gave me the opportunity to actively engage in discussions at the European level about the future of democracy. It made me even more aware of how important the voice and perspective of young people are in decision-making,” said Liene Rozenberga. The work of ESA26 was organized into eight major thematic groups, each tasked with developing 10–12 recommendations on issues not yet sufficiently addressed in EU legislation and regulatory frameworks. Work on these recommendations began back in January, when participants collaborated in teams, attended training sessions, and consulted experts. Meeting in person in Strasbourg, participants refined and presented their proposals and ultimately voted on their adoption. “We had many discussions about how to involve EU citizens in decision-making. Our goal was to create practical and implementable recommendations that could complement the existing EU policy framework. I worked on recommendations related to developing an action plan for media literacy and combating disinformation in the EU,” the student explained. At the end of the event, all recommendations were presented in a plenary session of the European Parliament, where students voted on their adoption. This process not only tested the quality of the ideas but also allowed participants to experience a real democratic decision-making process in an international environment. Participation in ESA26 provided Liene not only with academic and professional experience but also with valuable connections and the opportunity to represent both VUAS and Latvia at the European level. This experience once again confirms that the student voice matters in shaping Europe’s future, and that VUAS students are ready to be part of this process.

Guest lecture "Public Engagement in Civil Protection"

By Rota Žagare • April 22, 2026
We invite you to participate in the guest lecture "Public Engagement in Civil Protection." The Representation of the European Commission in Latvia offers the opportunity to attend this lecture, which will be delivered by guest lecturer Inese Vaivare, Director of LAPAS, Head of the NGO Civil Protection Working Group of LPA, and Head of the Baltic Sea Civil Protection Network BSR-NOVA. Date: May 5 Time: 16:15–17:45 Language: English Location: Online ZOOM meeting Meeting ID: 984 9439 2957 Passcode: 773257
Other news